Gris died from kidney failure on May 11, 1927, at his home in Boulogne-sur-Seine. Some of his major exhibitions include the 1923 shows at the Galerie Simon in Paris and the Galerie Flechtheim in Berlin and the 1925 show at the Galerie Flechtheim in Düsseldorf. In 1924, Gris delivered the lecture “Des possibilités de la Peinture” (The Possibilities of Painting) at the Sorbonne in Paris. During this period, he also wrote essays that explained his aesthetic theories. Between 19, Gris designed stage sets and costumes for Sergei Diaghilev’s ballets, Les Tentations de la Bergère, and La Colombe. Gris’s health began to deteriorate in 1922, and he moved to Boulogne-sur-Seine in the Western suburbs of Paris. After the war, he had his first major solo exhibition at Rosenberg’s Galerie l’Effort Moderne in Paris in 1919. Throughout World War I, Gris worked in Paris. In both portraits, the artist flattened the image, almost eliminating the distinction between the subject matter and the background. From 1916 onward, he turned his attention to painting figures, creating more distilled compositions with more simplified geometric structures, like Portrait of Madame Josette Gris (1916) and Seated Woman (1917). In comparison to Braque and Picasso, Gris had a more theoretical approach that resulted in more austere and organized compositions. This style was encompassed in paintings like Still Life before an Open Window, Place Ravignan (1915), and Newspaper and Fruit Dish (1916). Gris’s style was characterized by the structured geometric compositions that presented fragmented objects and overlapping planes. Through these artistic experiments, Gris contributed to the development of Synthetic Cubism – a later phase of Cubism that emphasized the flat quality of the image. ![]() In 1913, under the influence of Picasso and Braque, Gris began to experiment with collage and, more specifically, papier collé (cut and pasted paper). ![]() ![]() He made his artistic debut in the 1912 Salon of Independent Artists with The Portrait of Pablo Picasso (1912), a painting that is considered one of the finest examples of Cubist portraiture. Influenced by his environment, he started to pursue painting seriously in 1911. Gris worked as a graphic artist, creating drawings for political and satirical magazines. In 1906, Gris moved to Paris, to the Montmartre neighborhood, where he met Pablo Picasso, who introduced him to the leading avant-garde artists, poets, and critics of the time: George Braque, Guillaume Apollinaire, Gertrude Stein, Max Jacob, and Pierre Reverdy. Gradually, he started to shift his attention to drawing and began creating illustrations for local periodicals. Gris was born in 1887 in Madrid, where he later studied engineering from 1902 to 1904. Juan Gris is recognized along with Pablo Picasso, Georges Braque, and Fernand Léger as one of the four major figures in Cubism, the avant-garde 20th-century art movement that revolutionized European painting and sculpture.
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